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About the Science

First responders are routinely exposed to high-stakes, high-stress situations that can lead to chronic stress, trauma responses, and long-term impacts on both mental and physical health.

​Cumulative exposure to occupational stressors has been linked to burnout, job dissatisfaction, and maladaptive coping², as well as symptoms such as irritability, sleep problems, fatigue, anger, detachment, isolation, hypervigilance, physical pain, headaches, and anxiety¹¹. 

However, studies show that integrating Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training into first responder support can make a significant difference. Participants in such programs experience reduced burnout and increased psychological resilience, helping them perform more effectively while protecting their long-term well-being²

Mindfulness-Based Practices

This program equips participants with self-regulation techniques using evidence-based mindfulness practices. Within our curriculum, we incorporate mindful meditations that focus on developing a sense of present-moment awareness through a compassionate, nonreactive and non-judgmental lens.

We understand that First Responders encounter high-stress and traumatic situations on a daily basis. Without effective tools to manage these experiences, they may face PTSD, long-term mental and physical health issues from chronic stress, or resort to harmful coping strategies which can create additional challenges. Research shows that mindfulness-based practices can reduce symptoms of disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse and chronic pain, and can also improve overall well-being and quality of life³. Another study examining military PTSD found that, in comparison to regular treatment groups and present-centered group therapy treatment groups, individuals that practiced mindfulness-meditation had a significantly larger reduction in PTSD symptomatology⁴.

Regularly practicing mindfulness meditations has also been shown to enhance functioning in brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, which substantiate emotional resilience and improve cognitive control⁵.​​ When responding to high-intensity experiences in the field, these brain areas are crucial in helping First Responders react. Our program’s curriculum and use of mindful meditation are intended to support responders in staying clear-headed, attentive, and responding without the influence of PTSD-driven reactions.

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Mindful Movement/Stretching

Mindful movement and stretching are often associated with positive effects on the body, but what of the mental? Why do we incorporate this practice into our program, knowing that the goal of the program is to generate psychological outcomes? Research tells us that individuals who practice mindful movement practices have shown brain-related anatomical changes associated with increases in positive mood perception, reduced anxiety and improved cognition¹. 

 

Furthermore, as scientists started to look deeper into PTSD and how it works, many researchers began to explore mindful movement practices as a possible intervention, postulating that these practices would integrate the mind and body to create healing. Resulting studies have shown that these practices can significantly reduce PTSD symptomatology by helping individuals tolerate triggering physical and sensory experiences, increasing their emotional awareness, and improving their ability to tolerate strong feelings⁷.​

Mental Health Stigma

Mental health stigma is common among first responders, with cultural practices often encouraging maladaptive coping through camaraderie and alcohol. Often, there's also a belief that talking about traumatic experiences or letting it be known that trauma is having an impact can result in team members seeing that as an individual being unfit for the job, or incapable of compartmentalizing. Additionally, talking about traumatic work-related experiences has been tied to decreased trust amongst peers, less confidence in decision-making, and risk of job loss⁷.

To address this stigma, our program includes psychoeducational elements designed to help participants recognize that their emotional responses are natural chemical reactions to their environment—not reflections of their mental strength. This education will take place alongside training in techniques to help the team regulate their bodies when symptoms of chronic stress emerge.

Image by Matt Popovich

This program aims to reduce mental health stigma and teach your team proven strategies to reduce chronic stress, sharpen focus, and support both well-being and performance.

 

Read more about demographic mental health statistics below.

Image by Spencer Davis
  • The rate of post-traumatic stress among firefighters and other rescue personnel is comparable to rates in veterans returning from combat²⁵.​

  • Nearly 50% of career firefighters may be at high risk for compassion fatigue¹⁸.

  • 20% of firefighters meet the criteria for post-traumatic stress, compared to a 6.8% lifetime risk for the general population​¹⁰​​

  • A 2025 study⁹ revealed that 40% of firefighters face clinically substantial levels of anxiety and depression. Within this study, most firefighters who reported mental health struggles related to their work chose not to seek professional support, likely influenced by cultural norms within the profession and stigma surrounding mental health.

  • Around 25% of firefighters are estimated to engage in excessive alcohol use¹⁷.

Sources

1. Effects of Yoga on Brain Waves and Structural Activation: a Review

Radhika Desai, Anisha Tailor, Tanvi Bhatt (2015)​​

2. Role of Resilience in Mindfulness Training for First Responders

Josh Kaplan, Aaron Bergman, Michael Christopher, Sarah Bowen​ (2017)​​

3. Mindfulness Practice Leads to Increases in Regional Brain Gray Matter Density

Britta K. Holzel, James Carmody, Mark Vangel, Christina Congleton, Sita M. Yerramsetti, Tim Gard, Sara W. Lazar​ (2011)​​

4. Military-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mindfulness Meditation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 

Lu-Na Sun, Jing-Wen Gu, Li-Jun Huang, Zhi-Lei Shang, Yao-Guang Zhou, Li-Li Wu, Yan-Pu Jia, Nian-Qi Liu, Wei-Zhi Liu (2021)​​

5. Neurobiological Changes Induced by Mindfulness and Meditation: A Systematic Review

Andrea Calderone, Desiree Latella, Federica Impellizzeri, Paolo de Pasquale, Fausto Fama, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabro (2024)​

6. Effects of Yoga on Brain Waves and Structural Activation: A Review

Rahika Desai, Anisha Tailor, Tanvi Bhatt (2015)​​​

7. Yoga as an Adjunctive Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bessel A. Van Der Kolk, Laura Stone, Jennifer West, Alison Rhodes, David Emerson, Michael Suvak, Joseph Spinazzola (2014)​

8. Substance Use Disorders in First Responders

Sara Gilman (2020).​

9. Professional Firefighters: Findings from the National Wellness Survey for Public Safety Personnel

Imani Gibbs, Michael Bourke, Vincent Van Hasselt, Ryan Black (2025)

10. Exposure to Traumatic Incidents and Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology in Urban Firefighters in Two Countries

Wayne Corneil, Randal Beaton, Shirley Murphy, Clark Johnson, Ken Pike (1999)

11. The Relation Between Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Police Officers

Brian Chopko, Robert Schwartz (2012)

12. Trauma on Duty: Cognitive Functioning in Police Officers With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Alexandra Bisson Desrochers, Isabelle Rouleau, Andreanne Angehrn, Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Daniel Saumier, Alaid Brunet (2021)

13. Relationship Between Socio-Descriptive Characteristics, Burnout Syndrome, and Quality of Life of Employees

Natasa K. Rancic, Dejan R. Veljovic, Momcilo R. Mirkovic, Ljiljana M. Kulic, Verica S. Jovanovic, Bojana N. Stamenkovic, Natasa S. Maksimovic, Vojislav M. Civic, Emilija M. Marinkov-Zivkovic, Sonja D. Giljaca, Gordana Dordevic, Ognjen G. Dordevic, Marko M. Stojanovic, Novica Z. Bojanic, Dusan P. Milkovic, Suzana A. Otasevic (2024)

14. Perspective: The Impact of Life Experiences on Police Officers

Saul Jaeger (2023)

15. Stigma Still Keeps Police from Seeking Mental Health Care, Study Finds

Amanda Hernández (2025)

16. The Effects of Emergency Medical Service Work on the Psychological, Physical, and Social Well-Being of Ambulance Personnel: a Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

​​Sharon Lawn, Louise Roberts, Eileen Willis, Leah Couzner, Leila Mohammadi, Elizabeth Noble (2020) 

17. Exploring the Impact: Substance Abuse Rates Among First Responders

Serve & Protect

18. Behavioral Health Gaps in the U.S. Fire Service

Dustin Zamboni (2023)

19. Quantifying the Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Emergency Medical Services Personnel

Ginny R. Kaplan, Tyler Frith, Michael W. Hubble (2023)

20. Compassion Fatigue in Emergency Medicine: Current Perspectives

Donald Jeanmonod, Jennifer Irick, Adam R. Munday, Afopefoluwa O. Awosika, Rebecca Jeanmonod (2024)

21. First Responders: Behavioral Health Concerns, Emergency Response, and Trauma

SAMHSA (2018)

22. First Responders and Mental Health: When Heroes Need Rescuing

Rodney Luster (2022)

23. Work-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Paramedics in Comparison to Data from the General Population of Working Age. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Andreas Höll, Eirini Kourmpeli, Harald Dressing (2023)

24. Being Realistic About Burnout in EMS

Jessica Thompson (2025)

25. Trauma, Firefighting and PTSD

International Association of Firefighters (2019)

Funding for this project was made possible by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under cooperative agreement CDC-RFA-CE-23-0002. The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, CDC/HHS, or the U.S. Government.

This class has been cataloged by the Council on Law Enforcement Education and Training for 12 hours of mandatory continuing education credit. Regarding any law enforcement concepts, practices, methods, techniques, products, or devices as might be taught, promoted, or otherwise espoused in outside schools or seminars, there is no intent, expressed or implied, that listing the course in the CLEET Course Catalog indicates or in any way conveys ‘CLEET approval’ of such concepts, practices, methods, techniques, products, or devices, unless such approval is explicitly stated by CLEET.

© 2025 Mindful First Responders

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